17-Year-Long Sewage Sludge Ash Concrete Exposure Test

This study was conducted on concrete using sewage sludge ash (SSA) with the aim to establish an efficient use of SSA as a cement replacement material. Concrete specimens three degrees strength were made from two different SSAs and exposed in temperate plain cold mountain regions for prolonged period time investigate long-term properties concrete. After 17 years exposure, examined. basically maintained its after exposure. No significant drop relative dynamic modulus elasticity detected left region, despite fact that it would be considerable number freeze-and-thaw cycles. It also confirmed exhibited high resistance against carbonation. A small amount Katoite formed hardened cement/SSA mixture, probably due content Al2O3 SSA. abnormal formation ettringite observed.